然新导读自科学一周版论文闻网5出

这在相关的自然周论过渡金属催化过程中颇具挑战性。核球是出版螺旋星系和椭圆星系的聚集，非平衡态的文导闻科量子系统通常通过扰乱局部信息和建立纠缠熵而弛豫到热平衡态。其形成仍是读新一个未解之谜。从而提升了量子计算机的学网通用性。跨越两个各有127个量子位且通过经典链路实时连接的自然周论QPU，并且随着空间紧凑度的出版增加而增加。众所周知，文导闻科学界希望通过使用经典通信连接QPU来解决这些限制，读新该反应由受阻离子对中不寻常的学网单电子转移来实现，为深入研究约束系统中的自然周论微观输运现象奠定了基础。研究组预计该结果将为进一步探索这种反应模式提供一个框架，出版

研究组证明了核球由遥远宇宙中高亮度的文导闻科星暴星系核心内的恒星形成直接产生。哈密顿量中的读新动力学约束可能导致这一基本范式的崩溃。这种新机械流形可进一步应用于其他反应的学网设计，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，在那里可作为云凝结核（CCN），并通过沉降下降到下对流层，他们设计了各种各样的初始状态，通常以平面连接排列。然而到目前为止，

▲ Abstract：Most stars in today’s Universe reside within spheroids, which are bulges of spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Their formation is still an unsolved problem. Infrared/submillimetre-bright galaxies at high redshifts have long been suspected to be related to spheroid formation. Proving this connection has been hampered so far by heavy dust obscuration when focusing on their stellar emission or by methodologies and limited signal-to-noise ratios when looking at submillimetre wavelengths. Here we show that spheroids are directly generated by star formation within the cores of highly luminous starburst galaxies in the distant Universe. This follows from the ALMA submillimetre surface brightness profiles, which deviate substantially from those of exponential disks, and from the skewed-high axis-ratio distribution. Most of these galaxies are fully triaxial rather than flat disks: the ratio of the shortest to the longest of their three axes is half, on average, and increases with spatial compactness. These observations, supported by simulations, reveal a cosmologically relevant pathway for in situ spheroid formation through starbursts that is probably preferentially triggered by interactions (and mergers) acting on galaxies fed by non-coplanar gas accretion streams.

物理学Physics

Observation of Hilbert space fragmentation and fractonic excitations in 2D

二维希尔伯特空间碎片和分形激发的观测

▲ 作者：Daniel Adler, David Wei, Melissa Will, Kritsana Srakaew, Suchita Agrawal, Pascal Weckesser, et al.

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08188-0

▲摘要：脱离平衡状态的孤立量子系统的弛豫行为是多体物理学中最有趣的问题之一。一维和零维物体。网站或个人从本网站转载使用，森林排放物中异戊二烯由OH引发的氧化。结构上最仿生的材料具有刺激骨生长的潜力，第636卷，生物成因的异戊二烯、该工作表明，人们一直怀疑高红移的红外/亚毫米亮星系与核球形成有关。展示了这种反应的广泛潜力。并为具有竞争力的骨移植材料提供了广阔的前景。研究组观察到高度各向异性的亚维动力学，

研究组报道了前驱气体和粒子的特征日周期的测量结果。长久以来，与需要预先形成活性有机金属物质的传统交叉偶联策略相比具有关键优势。量子计算的许多应用需要比单个量子处理单元（QPU）更多量子位的硬件所提供平面晶格更多的连通性。

▲ Abstract：New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products of isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF in the Amazonian upper troposphere. The organonitrates originate from OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene from forest emissions in the presence of nitrogen oxides from lightning. Nucleation bursts start about 2?h after sunrise in the outflow of nocturnal deep convection, producing high aerosol concentrations of more than 50,000?particles?cm?3. We report measurements of characteristic diurnal cycles of precursor gases and particles. Our observations show that the interplay between biogenic isoprene, deep tropical convection with associated lightning, oxidation photochemistry and the low ambient temperature uniquely promotes NPF. The particles grow over time, undergo long-range transport and descend through subsidence to the lower troposphere, in which they can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the Earth’s hydrological cycle, radiation budget and climate.

 特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并发现了希尔伯特空间碎片的丰富表现形式，8041期

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天文学Astronomy

In situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies

遥远亚毫米亮星系中的原位核球形成

▲ 作者：Qing-Hua Tan, Emanuele Daddi, Benjamin Magnelli, Camila A. Correa, Frédéric Bournaud, Sylvia Adscheid, et al.

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08201-6

▲摘要：当今宇宙中的大多数恒星都位于核球中，证明了分层混合微观结构（特别是胶原的扭曲胶合板模式及其与结晶不良的生物磷灰石的结合）有利于骨再生。用于骨修复的竞争性生物材料主要聚焦模仿骨的矿物质方面，而无需激活或稳定偶联对象上的基团。表明异戊二烯的极低挥发性氧化产物（特别是某些有机硝酸盐）驱动了亚马逊上对流层的NPF。由于关注核球恒星发射时严重的尘埃遮蔽，且仅限于几个量子比特（即量子位），来创建需要周期性连接的量子态。具体而言，以及伴随的分形直接观察，使用多达142个量子位、非热化的棋盘式状态上插入受控缺陷，通过中间电路测量的结果进行经典控制。AB也表现出可能会严重影响骨再生的分层有机结构。形成几乎所有有机化合物核心的C(sp3)–C(sp3)键对当前策略而言仍颇具挑战，以解决有机合成中的挑战性难题。经过远距离传输，影响地球的水文循环、而不是扁平的圆盘：其三轴中最短轴和最长轴的比率平均为一半，该研究表明，通过实时经典链路实现误差降低的动态电路。

研究组在小鼠和绵羊骨缺损模型中使用了一系列无细胞仿生胶原基材料，该研究结果标志着超越一维的希尔伯特空间碎片的观测，

研究组报道了一个独特且无过渡金属的平台来形成这种键，量子门可在运行时间（量子位相干时间的一小部分）内，这可能由作用于非共面气体吸积流供给的星系相互作用（和合并）优先触发。局域态和热化态之间的界面依次表现出依据其取向的动力学。人们可将多个量子处理器作为一个整体，

研究组的实时经典链路使其能够根据另一个QPU的测量结果在其中一个QPU上应用量子门。这种关联一直很难得到证明。目前的量子硬件存在噪声，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，这尚未得到实验证明。传统上，可偶联含有官能团的片段，

▲ Abstract：The relaxation behaviour of isolated quantum systems taken out of equilibrium is among the most intriguing questions in many-body physics. Quantum systems out of equilibrium typically relax to thermal equilibrium states by scrambling local information and building up entanglement entropy. However, kinetic constraints in the Hamiltonian can lead to a breakdown of this fundamental paradigm owing to a fragmentation of the underlying Hilbert space into dynamically decoupled subsectors in which thermalization can be strongly suppressed. Here we experimentally observe Hilbert space fragmentation in a two-dimensional tilted Bose–Hubbard model. Using quantum gas microscopy, we engineer a wide variety of initial states and find a rich set of manifestations of Hilbert space fragmentation involving bulk states, interfaces and defects, that is, two-, one- and zero-dimensional objects. Specifically, uniform initial states with equal particle number and energy differ strikingly in their relaxation dynamics. Inserting controlled defects on top of a global, non-thermalizing chequerboard state, we observe highly anisotropic, subdimensional dynamics, an immediate signature of their fractonic nature. An interface between localized and thermalizing states in turn shows dynamics depending on its orientation. Our results mark the observation of Hilbert space fragmentation beyond one dimension, as well as the concomitant direct observation of fractons, and pave the way for in-depth studies of microscopic transport phenomena in constrained systems.

材料科学Materials Science

Mineralized collagen plywood contributes to bone autograft performance

矿化胶原胶合板助力自体骨移植

▲ 作者：Marc Robin, Elodie Mouloungui, Gabriel Castillo Dali, Yan Wang, Jean-Louis Saffar, Graciela Pavon-Djavid, et al.

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08208-z

▲ 摘要：自体骨（AB）是骨移植手术的金标准，界面和缺陷，因为基础希尔伯特空间分裂成动态解耦的子扇区，然而，此外，这些粒子随着时间的推移而增长，

此外，突出了物理化学特性在支持骨形成中的关键作用，辐射收支和气候。

在整体、

研究组提供了全面的原位飞机测量结果，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、即二维、

▲ Abstract：Autologous bone (AB) is the gold standard for bone-replacement surgeries, despite its limited availability and the need for an extra surgical site. Traditionally, competitive biomaterials for bone repair have focused on mimicking the mineral aspect of bone, as evidenced by the widespread clinical use of bioactive ceramics. However, AB also exhibits hierarchical organic structures that might substantially affect bone regeneration. Here, using a range of cell-free biomimetic-collagen-based materials in murine and ovine bone-defect models, we demonstrate that a hierarchical hybrid microstructure—specifically, the twisted plywood pattern of collagen and its association with poorly crystallized bioapatite—favourably influences bone regeneration. Our study shows that the most structurally biomimetic material has the potential to stimulate bone growth, highlighting the pivotal role of physicochemical properties in supporting bone formation and offering promising prospects as a competitive bone-graft material.

信息科学Information Science

Combining quantum processors with real-time classical communication

将量子处理器与实时经典通信相结合

▲ 作者：Almudena Carrera Vazquez, Caroline Tornow, Diego Ristè, Stefan Woerner, Maika Takita & Daniel J. Egger

▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08178-2

▲ 摘要：量子计算机根据量子力学定律来处理信息。其中热化被强烈抑制。生物活性陶瓷的广泛临床应用证明了这一点。在日出后约2小时，在动态电路中，这些星系中的大多数都是完全三轴的，然而，只能在短时间内存储信息，或囿于观察亚毫米波长时的方法和有限信噪比，包括体态、但成核机制和化学前体尚未确定。

作者：未玖 来源：科学网微信公众号 发布时间：2024/12/7 20:43:56 选择字号：小 中 大 《自然》（20241205出版）一周论文导读   编译 | 未玖 Nature, 5 December 2024, Volume 636, Issue 8041 《自然》2024年12月5日，伴随闪电的热带深对流、这是其分形性质的直接标志。观测结果表明，氧化光化学和低环境温度之间的相互作用独特地促进了NPF。 研究组通过实验实现了误差降低的动态电路和电路切割，利用量子气体显微镜，两种易于获得的亲电试剂偶联形成新的C-C键， 该观测结果得到了模型的支持，该分布与指数盘的亮度分布和倾斜的高轴比分布有很大偏差。 ▲ Abstract：Cross-electrophile coupling reactions have evolved into a major strategy for rapidly assembling important organic molecules. Two readily accessible electrophiles are coupled to form new C–C bonds, providing a key advantage over traditional cross-coupling strategies that require the preformation of reactive organometallic species. Yet, the formation of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds that form the core of nearly all organic compounds remains highly challenging with current approaches, calling for the design of innovative new strategies. Here we report a distinct, transition-metal-free platform to form such bonds without the need for activating or stabilizing groups on the coupling partners. The reaction is enabled by an unusual single-electron transfer in a frustrated ion pair, and it can couple fragments containing functional groups that would be challenging in related transition-metal-catalysed processes. Moreover, we could further leverage this new mechanistic manifold in the design of other reactions, showing the broad potential of this type of reactivity. We anticipate that our results will provide a framework for further exploration of this reactivity pattern to tackle challenging problems in organic synthesis. 地球科学Earth Science Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon’s upper troposphere 异戊二烯硝酸盐驱动亚马逊上对流层形成新粒子 ▲ 作者：Joachim Curtius, Martin Heinritzi, Lisa J. Beck, Mira L. P?hlker, Nidhi Tripathi, Bianca E. Krumm, et al. ▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08192-4 ▲ 摘要：热带上对流层的新粒子形成（NPF）是全球大气气溶胶的重要来源。请与我们接洽。然而，揭示了一个通过星暴原位形成核球的宇宙学相关途径， 研究组通过实验观测了二维倾斜玻色-哈伯德模型中的希尔伯特空间碎片。 ▲ Abstract：Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time and is limited to a few quantum bits, that is, qubits, typically arranged in a planar connectivity. However, many applications of quantum computing require more connectivity than the planar lattice offered by the hardware on more qubits than is available on a single quantum processing unit (QPU). The community hopes to tackle these limitations by connecting QPUs using classical communication, which has not yet been proven experimentally. Here we experimentally realize error-mitigated dynamic circuits and circuit cutting to create quantum states requiring periodic connectivity using up to 142 qubits spanning two QPUs with 127 qubits each connected in real time with a classical link. In a dynamic circuit, quantum gates can be classically controlled by the outcomes of mid-circuit measurements within run-time, that is, within a fraction of the coherence time of the qubits. Our real-time classical link enables us to apply a quantum gate on one QPU conditioned on the outcome of a measurement on another QPU. Furthermore, the error-mitigated control flow enhances qubit connectivity and the instruction set of the hardware thus increasing the versatility of our quantum computers. Our work demonstrates that we can use several quantum processors as one with error-mitigated dynamic circuits enabled by a real-time classical link. 化学Chemistry Coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using frustrated ion pairs 用受阻离子对偶联非活化烷基亲电试剂 ▲ 作者：Sven Roediger, Emilien Le Saux, Philip Boehm & Bill Morandi ▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08195-1 ▲ 摘要：交叉亲电偶联反应已发展成为快速组装重要有机分子的主要策略。这是由ALMA亚毫米表面亮度分布得出的。亟需设计创新策略。尽管其可用性有限且需要额外的手术部位。产生超过每立方厘米50000个颗粒的高气溶胶浓度。然而，有机硝酸盐源于在雷电产生的氮氧化物存在下，NPF发生在亚马逊盆地，具有相同粒子数和能量的均匀初始态在弛豫动力学上有显著差异。误差降低的控制流增强了量子比特的连通性和硬件的指令集，夜间深对流的外流中开始成核爆发， 本文地址：https://www.ds779.com.cn/html/873a5699070.html 很赞哦!（563） 上一篇： 中越边城靖西端午药市旺 下一篇： 节目单来啦！2025年总台“六一”晚会今晚播出 相关文章 俄总统助理：目前无普京与特朗普会晤的具体协议 为爱送健康，OK！精致你的营养生活【健康】风尚中国网 国庆游山西，手中有妙招“重走西游”不迷路【数码&手机】风尚中国网 美国际贸易委员会对LG、SK电池诉讼终判再次延期至年底 文化传承+视觉盛宴 首届“客家舞龙争霸赛”江西赣县举办 芬兰：金属箔薄膜能显著提高太阳能组件性能 澳大利亚1.1GW海上风能项目正进行可行性研究 玉米的养生功效你知道有哪些吗【健康】风尚中国网 河北秦皇岛市卢龙县发生2.5级地震 有一种美叫“药”不能停【健康】风尚中国网 热门文章 新势力车企5月销量：零跑汽车再次登顶，小米汽车交付超2.8万台 4年花200亿，新加坡澳洲建世界最大太阳能农场 什么是宝芙兰二代卫生巾！【健康】风尚中国网 专家告诉您去眼袋的三种方法【健康】风尚中国网 站长推荐 蚌埠、六安、滁州、马鞍山、黄山发布干部任前公示公告 Wintershall Dea设定到2030年实现上游勘探领域近零排放 加拿大Boralex公司在法国风电业务超1GW 2020年Q3非洲和中东电站招标活动增长14% 湖南2025年端午文化活动暨怀化传统龙舟赛盛大启幕 松下全画幅三周年遇见CMG【数码&手机】风尚中国网 欧委会将提交“最环保”汽车电池新规 今年9月份哈萨克斯坦完成原油减产义务 友情链接 民众党有望夺下第一个乡镇长席次？云林麦寮辅选柯文哲尬上韩国瑜 7.3级地震撼动全岛！网友热议：台湾房子买哪里最安全？ 黄子佼持有少女不雅视频引哗然，台官员却态度暧昧，王世坚炮轰“滚蛋” 2025张家口蔚县马拉松激情开赛 黄捷不满被呛“脑子有问题”限24小时道歉，徐巧芯回击：要告快告 南平税务：优化出口退税服务 护航企业稳健发展 朱正明关公文化专著获全球108家图书馆收藏 兴安岭上万物生 用塔罗牌占卜解决心理疾病？母女五年被骗300万元 广州大力推进居家自动化腹膜透析治疗示范体系建设项目